Five requirements for the implementation of quantum computation DiVincenzo criteria 2000

“Five requirements for the implementation of quantum computation” (DiVincenzo 和 IBM, 2000, p. 2) 🔤实施量子计算的五个要求🔤

“1. A scalable physical system with well characterized qubit” (DiVincenzo 和 IBM, 2000, p. 2)

“2. The ability to initialize the state of the qubits to a simple fiducial state, such as |000…〉” (DiVincenzo 和 IBM, 2000, p. 3)

“3. Long relevant decoherence times, much longer than the gate operation time” (DiVincenzo 和 IBM, 2000, p. 3)

“4. A “universal” set of quantum gates” (DiVincenzo 和 IBM, 2000, p. 4)

“5. A qubit-specific measurement capability” (DiVincenzo 和 IBM, 2000, p. 6)

The "DiVincenzo criteria 2000" refers to the five requirements for the implementation of quantum computation, as proposed by DiVincenzo and IBM in 2000 (p. 2). These requirements are crucial for the successful realization of quantum computing.

一个具有可扩展性的物理系统，具有良好特性的量子比特：这意味着拥有一个可以轻松扩展和扩大规模的物理系统，其中的量子比特被充分理解并能够有效控制。

能够将量子比特的状态初始化为简单的基准态，例如|000...〉：设置量子比特的初始状态为已知的参考态，例如全零态，非常重要。这样可以确保量子计算有一致可靠的起始条件。

长时间的相关退相干时间，远远超过门操作时间：退相干是指由于与环境的相互作用而导致量子信息的丢失。要进行量子计算，必须拥有具有长退相干时间的量子比特，也就是它们能够在很长时间内保持它们的量子状态，远远超过进行门操作所需的时间。

一个“通用”的量子门集合：量子门集合指的是对量子比特进行操作以操纵它们状态的基本操作。一个“通用”的门集合意味着拥有一个全面且多功能的门集合，可以用来构建任何量子电路或计算。

量子比特的特定测量能力：在量子计算中，测量在从量子比特中提取信息方面起着至关重要的作用。准确可靠地测量单个量子比特的状态是非常重要的。

These criteria provide a framework for evaluating the feasibility and effectiveness of implementing quantum computation. They highlight the key requirements that need to be met to harness the power of quantum computing and overcome the challenges associated with building and operating quantum systems.

Reference: DiVincenzo, D. P., & IBM. (2000). The Physical Implementation of Quantum Computation. Quantum Computation and Quantum Information, 1-26.